Our discussion will focus primarily, if not exclusively, on events in Hungary and Bulgaria. These questions are designed to help you prepare for discussion by focusing your reading for Wednesday. Most important is that you should come to class with any questions about things in the readings that you do not understand.

1. Hajdu contends that there were actually four distinct revolutions in central and Eastern Europe from 1917-1921: pacifist, peasant, socialist, nationalist. Which of these apply to Hungary and Bulgaria and why?
2. Berend asks whether "the Hungarian revolution of 1919 a genuine Bolshevik-type revolution, or was it a nationalist upheaval against the dictates of the victorious Entente and its allies around Hungary? (Berend 129). Which was it?
3. Berend contends that "the historical alternative to Bolshevik and populist dictatorships in postwar Central and Eastern Europe was not Western-type democracy but 'white' terror and conservative autocracy" (Berend 139). Why?
4. Oscar Jászi, who was Minister for Nationalities in the Hungarian liberal government of 1918-1919, contends that, "to have abandoned all claim to territorial integrity would at that time have only meant delivering over the country to the mercy of imperialist megalomania and capitalist greed" (Jászi 38). What does he mean by this? Does it justify the policies of his government, which Hajdu criticizes as "hopless attempts to hold on to Transylvania and Slovakia" (Hajdu 112)?