| Romania | Poland | Czechoslovakia | Yugoslavia |
Population of Romania by Ethnicity, 1930
(Based on Subjective Declaration of the Respondent)
| Ethnic Group |
Number |
Percentage |
| Romanian |
12,981,324 |
71.9 |
| Magyar |
1,425,507 |
7.9 |
| German |
745,421 |
4.1 |
| Jewish |
728,115 |
4.0 |
| Ukrainian |
582,115 |
3.2 |
| Russian |
409,150 |
2.3 |
| Bulgarian |
366,384 |
2.0 |
| Roma |
262,501 |
1.5 |
| Turkish |
176,913 |
1.0 |
| Others |
170,944 |
0.9 |
| Gagauz* |
105,750 |
0.6 |
| Czech and Slovak |
51,842 |
0.3 |
| Serb, Croat, Slovene |
51,062 |
0.3 |
|
18,057,028 |
100.0 |
* Gagauz: Christians speaking a language related to Turkish, living mainly in Bessarabia.
72.3% of the population of Romania was involved in agriculture according to this census.
Population of Czechoslovakia by Ethnicity, 1930*
(Based on "Mother Tongue")
| Mother Tongue |
Number |
Percentage |
| "Czechoslovak" |
9,688,770 |
66.91 |
| German |
3,231,688 |
22.32 |
| Magyar |
691,923 |
4.78 |
| Ruthenian (Ukrainian) |
549,169 |
3.79 |
| Hebrew and Yiddish** |
186,642 |
1.29 |
| Polish |
81,737 |
0.57 |
| Other |
49,636 |
0.34 |
|
14,479,565 |
100.0 |
* Population includes citizens only; there were an additional 249,971 resident foreigners.
** 356,830 people declared themselves to be Jews by religion.
34.64% of the population of Czechoslovakia was involved in agriculture, fishing, or forestry. In Slovakia the figure was 56.82%; in Ruthenia the figure was 66.29%.
Population of Poland by Ethnicity, 1931
(Based on "Native Tongue")
| Ethnic Group |
Number |
Percentage |
| Polish |
21,993,444 |
68.9 |
| Ukrainian |
3,221,975 |
10.1 |
| Jewish (Yiddish or Hebrew)* |
2,732,584 |
8.6 |
| Ruthenian |
1,219,647 |
3.8 |
| Belorussian |
989,852 |
3.1 |
| German |
740,992 |
2.3 |
| "Local" |
707,088 |
2.2 |
| Russian |
138,713 |
0.4 |
| Lithuanian |
83,116 |
0.3 |
| Czech |
38,097 |
0.1 |
| Other |
50,271 |
0.2 |
|
31,915,779 |
100.0 |
* 3,113,900 Polish citizens (9.8%) declared themselves to be Jews by religion in this census.
66.7% of the non-Jewish population of Poland was worked in agriculture, forestry, or fishing according to this census; 4.0% of the Jewish population was. Overall, 60.06% of the population of the state was.
Population of Yugoslavia by Ethnicity, 1931
(Based on "Mother Tongue")
| Ethnic Group |
Number |
Percentage |
| Serbo-Croat* |
10,730,823 |
77.01 |
| Slovene |
1,135,410 |
8.15 |
| Albanian |
505,259 |
3.63 |
| German |
499,969 |
3.59 |
| Magyar |
468,185 |
3.36 |
| Romanian |
137,879 |
0.98 |
| Turkish |
132,924 |
0.95 |
| Slovak |
76,411 |
0.55 |
| Roma |
70,424 |
0.51 |
| Czech |
52,909 |
0.38 |
| Other |
123,845 |
0.89 |
|
13,934,038 |
100.00 |
* By correlating these figures with those for religion in the census, we can estimate the population of Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims (all Serbo-Croatian speakers) as: 43%, 23%, and 6% of the total respectively. "Macedonians" were not counted either; estimates are 5% of the population for them. Jews by religion were 68,405 or 0.49% of the population.
Source: Joseph Rothschild, East Central Europe between the Two World Wars (Seattle, 1974), 36, 39, 89-90, 203-204, 284-285.