Lawrence University                                                                                                  
Department of Economics                                                                    
Appleton, WI 54911                                                                          
david.gerard at lawrence.edu      
(920) 993 6035                 

Education
Ph.D.   University of Illinois; Economics, 1997 
(Fields: Natural Resource & Environmental Economics, Public Finance)
M.S.    University of Illinois; Economics, 1994.
B.A.    Grinnell College; American Studies and Economics, 1990.

Academic Positions
Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Lawrence University, 2009-
Executive Director, Center for the Study & Improvement of Regulation (CSIR), Department of Engineering & Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University. 2003-2009.
Associated Teaching Faculty, program in Engineering & Technology Innovation Management and the Department of Social & Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. 2006-2009.
Visiting Researcher, Institute of Transport and Logistic Studies, School of Business, University of Sydney. Summer 2007.
Research Fellow, Engineering & Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University. 2001-2003.
Adjunct Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics, Montana State University. 1998-2001.
Research Associate, Political Economy Research Center (PERC), 1997‑2000.                                       
Research Assistant, Office of Commerce Research, University of Illinois. 1994‑97.
Teaching Assistant, Department of Economics, University of Illinois. 1991-94.

Research and Teaching Interests
New Institutional Economics, Environmental & Resource Economics, Regulation & Public Policy, Law & Economics

Refereed Publications
“How big is big? How often is often? Characterizing Texas Petroleum Refinery Emissions,” June 2010, Forthcoming in Atmospheric Environment (With Britney McCoy and Paul S. Fischbeck)
“Environmental Bonds and the Problem of Long-Term Carbon Sequestration,” Journal of Environmental Management. (2009) 90(2):1097-1105 (With Elizabeth J. Wilson).
“An Interactive Tool to Compare and Communicate Traffic Safety Risks: Traffic STATS,” The Journal of the Transportation Research Forum. (2007) 46(3): 87-102 (With Paul S. Fischbeck, Barbara Gengler, and Randy S. Weinberg).
“Diesels and Hybrids Don’t Mix: Public Perceptions and Actual Driving Behavior of New Diesel and Hybrid Owners,” Transportation Research Record (2007) No. 2017. pp. 33-40 (With Paul S. Fischbeck and H. Scott Mathews).
“Identifying and Correcting Errors with Odometer Readings from I/M Data:  A “Rollover” Problem for the Estimation of Emissions and Technical Change,” Transportation Research Record: The Journal of the Transportation Research Board. (2007) No. 2011 pp. 87-97 (With Vincent Goh and Paul S. Fischbeck).
“An Interactive Forecasting Tool for the Impacts of New Engine Technologies on Fuel Consumption and Emissions,” Transportation Research Record. (2007) No. 2011, pp. 78-86 (With Paul S. Fischbeck and David Rice).
“Experiments in Technology-Forcing: Comparing the Regulatory Processes of U.S. Automobile Safety and Emissions Regulations,” International Journal of Technology Policy and Management (2007) 7(1): 1-14. (With Lester Lave).
“Implementing Technology-Forcing Policies: The 1970 Clean Air Act and the Introduction of Advanced Emissions Controls.” Technology Forecasting and Social Change. (2005) 72:761-778. (With Lester Lave). 
“Using Environmental Bonds to Regulate the Risks of GM Crops:  Problems and Prospects.” Environmental Biosafety Research. (2003). 2(1): 25-32 (With Siân Mooney).
“Transaction Costs and the Value of Mining Claims.” Land Economics (2001). 77(3): 371-384.
“The Law and Economics of Reclamation Bonds.” Resources Policy. (2000). 26(4): 189-197.
“The Development of First‑Possession Rules in U.S. Mining, 1872‑1920: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications.” Resources Policy. (1998). 24(4): 251-264.

Edited Volume
Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Integrating Technology, Monitoring, Regulation, Blackwell Publishing (2007). (Contributing co-editor with Elizabeth J. Wilson).

Book Chapters and Invited Papers
“Carbon Capture and Sequestration in Context: Technology, Regulation, and Social Acceptance,” in Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Integrating Technology, Monitoring, Regulation. (2007) (With Elizabeth J. Wilson).
“Geologic Sequestration Under Current U.S. Regulations: Problems and Prospects,” in Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Integrating Technology, Monitoring, Regulation. (2007) (With Elizabeth J. Wilson).
“Risk Assessment and Management for Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide,” in Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Integrating Technology, Monitoring, Regulation. (2007) (With Elizabeth J. Wilson).
“CAFE Increases: Missing the Elephant in the Living Room,” Related Publication 04-11. AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies. (2004). (With Lester Lave).
“The Economics of CAFE Reconsidered: A Response to CAFE Critics and A Case for Fuel Economy Standards,” Regulatory Analysis 03-10. AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies. (2003). (With Lester Lave).
“Federal Flood Policies: 150 Years of Environmental Mischief.” In Government vs. Environment. Leal and Meiners, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Press. (2002).
“Property Rights and Technological Innovation: Legal Remedies and Pollution Abatement in U.S. Mining.” In The Technology of Property Rights. Anderson and Hill, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Press. (2001). (With Timothy J. LeCain).
“Costs and Benefits of Interior's Proposed Initiative to Revise and Update Regulations Governing Hardrock Mining Operations (43 CFR 3809).” 9th Annual Proceedings of the Mineral Economics and Management Society. (2000).
“The Origins of the Federal Wilderness System.” In Political Environmentalism. T. L. Anderson, ed. (2000) Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.

Working Papers
“Upset Air Emissions and Environmental Justice: Case Study of Port Arthur Oil Refinery SO2,” November 2008 (With Britney McCoy and Paul S. Fischbeck)
“Effectiveness of Energy Conservation Programs: Evaluation of Low-Income Household Weatherization from the Perspective of a Pennsylvania Natural Gas Utility,” November 2006. (With Amelia MacSleyne and Paul S. Fischbeck)
“Quantifying Risk Regulations for Empirical Research in Administrative Law: The Case of US Transportation Fuels,” December 2005. (With David E. Stikkers and Paul S. Fischbeck)
“The Political Economy of Setting Risk Regulations: An Empirical Study of U.S. Transportation Fuels,” October 2005. (With David E. Stikkers and Paul S. Fischbeck)
“When Do Stakeholders Participate in the Rulemaking Process? The Case of Federal Risk Regulations of Transportation Fuels.” November 2005(With David E. Stikkers and Paul S. Fischbeck)

Book Reviews
J.S. Holliday Rush for Riches: Gold Fever and the Making of California. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999; and A Golden State: Mining and Economic Development in Gold Rush California. Edited by James J. Rawls and Richard J. Orsi. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Reviewed together in Journal of Economic History. December 1999
Larry Lankton, Beyond the Boundaries: Life and Landscape at the Lake Superior Copper Mines, 1840‑1875. Reviewed in Journal of Economic History. September 1998

Dissertation
Institutions, Property Rights, and Transaction Costs in the Hardrock Mining Industry, 1866‑1996. Committee: Lee J. Alston, Chair; Richard J. Brazee; Thomas Ulen

Teaching
Lawrence University: Introductory and Intermediate Microeconomics,  Political Economy of Regulation, Theory of the Firm,  Environmental Economics, Freshman Studies

Carnegie Mellon University: Policy Analysis II,  Public Policy & Regulation (Alone & with Paul Fischbeck),  Policy Making Institutions,  Organizations,  Entrepreneurship, Regulation, and Technological Change (With David Hounshell),  Managerial and Engineering Economics,  Innovation for Energy & the Environment (With Pat Atkins); Capstone Undergraduate Project Research; Hybrids and Diesels in the American Automobile Fleet: 2005-2020 (Spring 2005); U.S. Oil Refineries: Spatial Dimensions of Economics, Regulatory Policy & Environmental Justice (Fall 2005)

Montana State University: The Economic Way of Thinking (micro and macro), 60-240 students per section,   Intermediate Microeconomics

University of Illinois: Business Statistics;   TA for Macroeconomics

Ph.D. Committees (all at Carnegie Mellon)

• David E. Stikkers Risk Regulation of Transportation Fuels: An Analysis of Stakeholder Behavior and Regulatory Outcomes. Co-Chair with Paul S. Fischbeck
• Elizabeth J. Wilson Managing the Risks of Geologic Carbon Sequestration: A Regulatory and Legal Analysis.2004
• Jaegul Lee, Impacts of government regulation on innovation, using patent data of U.S. automotive emissions controls. 2005
• Amelia MacSleyne, Assessing the Effectiveness of Energy Conservation Programs using Micro-Level Data. 2007
• Sarah J. Ryker, Chemical mixtures in U.S. drinking water--Technical and policy approaches to risk assessment and regulation 2008.
• Melissa Chan, Life Cycle Analysis of Pittsburgh Coal Seam Extraction. Completed 2008.
• Sarah L. Rees, Two Case Studies in Air Quality: Performance of the Federal Reference Method for Fine Particulate Matter and Air Quality Impacts of Light Duty Diesel Vehicles Completed 2010.  
• Britney McCoy, Upset Emissions and Environmental Justice Issues Surrounding U.S. Oil Refineries. Final defense 2010.

Public Policy Outreach and Media Appearances
Regular blogger at http://blogs.lawrence.edu/economics/
Guest blogger at Organizations and Markets, www.Organazationsandmarkets.com.  2009-2010.
“Studying Risk Regulations at Lawrence and The Purple Balls of Death,” Talk for Lawrence University outreach program, December 2009.
Featured in stories in Appleton Post-Crescent and Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel on Death Risk Rankings query tool. Also interviewed by WOSH and quoted in several international news outlets.  September 2009.
Quoted in AP and Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on pedestrian fatality risks during daylight savings change. Story was widely cited in newspapers, radio, and television. November 2007.
USA Today front-page story on elderly drivers used data from TrafficSTATS; follow-up interview on FoxNews. May 2007.
Interviewed by AP story on TrafficSTATS. AP story picked up by more than 200 newspapers. Also interviewed by NPR (Weekend Edition and Marketplace), Seattle Public Radio, ABC News, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, WTAE-TV Pittsburgh, Roger Hedgecock Show, and others. January 2007.
Testimony before U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water. Hearing on the Good Samaritan Abandoned or Inactive Mine Waste Remediation Act (S. 1787) June 21, 2000.
Comments on the Department of the Interior’s proposed initiative to revise and update regulations governing hardrock mining operations (43 CFR 3809). Mercatus Center Regulatory Studies Program, George Mason University. February 2000.
The Mining Law of 1872: Digging a Little Deeper. Policy Series Paper PS‑11. Bozeman, MT: Political Economy Research Center. December 1997.
“Don’t Target the 1872 Mining Law as Vehicle to Protect Environment.” The Salt Lake Tribune, April 12, 1998; (also published as “We should reform the Mining Law of 1872, not trash it.” The Great Falls Tribune, April 12, 1998.)
“The Mining Law of 1872: Digging Deeper.” PERC Reports 16(1) 8‑9.
“Base Closings Don’t Have to Spell Disaster.” Illinois Business Review. Summer 1996. 53(2):12‑15.
“The Economics of Pollution Reduction and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Permits.” Illinois Business Review. Fall 1995. 52(3):11‑14.
“Update on the Study of the Economy of Rantoul, Illinois.” Illinois Business Review. Spring 1995. 52(1):3‑5.

Invited and Conference Presentations

• Midwest Economics Association, Evanston, IL (2010)
• Heartland Environmental & Resource Economics Workshop, University of Illinois (2009)
• Institute of Transport and Logistic Studies, University of Sydney (2007)
• Risk Center Seminar, Carnegie Mellon University. (2007)
• The State of Environmental Justice in America, Howard University Law School. With Paul Fischbeck, Jun Hyun Park, and Britney McCoy. (2007)
• Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (three papers and one poster) With Paul Fischbeck. (2007)
• Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA. (two papers)  With Amelia MacSleyne and Paul Fischbeck. (2006)
• International Society for the New Institutional Economics, Boulder, CO. (2006)
• Department of Mineral Economics, Colorado School of Mines. (2006)
• Society for Risk Analysis, Orlando. (2005)
• Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh. (2005)
• program in Environmental and Resource Economics (pERE), University of Illinois. (2004)
• International Society for the New Institutional Economics, Tucson. (2004)
• Empirical Methods Seminar, LBJ School of Public Policy, University of Texas. (2004)
• 7th Annual International Conference on Technology Policy and Innovation, Monterrey, Mexico. (2003)
• Allegheny College Campus Lecture. Meadville, Pennsylvania.  (2003)
• Center for the Study of the Human Dimensions of Global Change, Carnegie Mellon University. (2002)
• EPA Hardrock Mining 2002: Issues Shaping the Industry. Denver. (2002)
• Mineral Economics and Management Society. Boulder. (2000)
• Political Economy Forum. Pray, Montana. (1999)
• Western Economics Association International Meetings, San Diego. (1999)
• Southern Economic Association Meetings, Atlanta. (1997)
• Economic History Association Meetings, New Brunswick, NJ; and Montana State University. (1997)
• program in Environmental and Resource Economics (pERE) workshop, University of Illinois. (1996)
• Economic History Workshop, University of Illinois. (1995)

 

Funded Research

An Interactive Tool to Compare and Communicate Traffic Safety Risks. March 2005-March 2006. Funding of $135,000 from the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Co-P.I. with Paul Fischbeck and Randy Weinberg.
Technology-Forcing Regulations and Regulatory Overlap in the US Auto Industry: Studies of Emissions, Fuel Economy, and Safety Regulations. Funding of $85,000 from the A.W. Mellon Foundation. Co-P.I. with Lester Lave. June 2002-August 2004.

Tool Development

• Development team of Death Risk Rankings (with Paul Fiscbheck, Barbara Gengler, and Jeria Quesenberry)  www.deathriskrankings.com
• Development team of TrafficSTATS (with Paul Fischbeck, Randy Weinberg, and Barbara Gengler). http://hope.hss.cmu.edu/trafficstats.htm

Reviewer and Journal Referee

• National Science Foundation Economics Program (2004)
• Health Canada Policy Research Program, Regulations in a Changing World (2004)
• Journal referee: Quarterly Journal of Economics and Finance, Business History Review, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Risk Analysis, Management Science, Contemporary Economic Policy, International Environmental Agreements.
• Michael Baye Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, 6th edition.

Honors and Awards
Pan-Hellenic Role Model, Carnegie Mellon Sorority Community, 2006, 2008.
Graduate Fellow, PERC, Spring 1997.
Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked Excellent by their Students, University of Illinois, Spring 1994, Fall 1993, and Spring 1992.
Western Coal and Transportation Association Award for outstanding dissertation in natural resource economics. May 1997.
Environmental and Resource Economics Scholar, program in Environmental and Resource Economics (pERE), University of Illinois. Fall 1996.