WLA Task Force on Technology Utilization
Topic Paper
Videoconferencing
Background
At a minimum, videoconferencing allows two or more people to see and hear each
other while communicating from multiple locations. An introduction to videoconferencing
technology can be found on Pacific Bell's Knowledge
Network web site. This site also includes a glossory
of videoconferencing terms that is intended for the layperson. However, a
more extensive glossary
is available on the Videoconferencing.com
web site. The Videoconferencing Atlas is another
good site for information on this subject. For the purposes of this assignment,
videoconferencing technology has been divided into three categories: full motion
video, compressed video, and Internet-based video.
Much of the development of videoconferencing technology has occurred within the context of distance education. "A distance education network is defined as an organization of geographically separated locations using interactive telecommunications technologies for the purpose of sharing educational resources." An excellent source of distance education information is the Distance Education Clearinghouse. According to the Clearinghouse, there are currently over 40 operating distance education networks in Wisconsin. These networks serve K12 schools, technical colleges, the University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin state government, local communities as well as citizens statewide. New networks are continually under development. Additional information about Wisconsin distance education networks can be found on the Wisconsin Association of Distance Education Networks (WADEN) web site.
As a result of TEACH Wisconsin, and other initiatives, an extensive educational statewide full motion video network has been developed, i.e., the BadgetNet Full Motion Video Network. The use of broadband connections (DS3 lines) with studio-quality equipment produces excellent full-motion video, but the equipment and transmission expense is great.
A less expensive alternative is compressed video. Instructional Communications Systems (ICS) of UW-Extension operates a statewide compressed digital video (CDV) network. ICS videoconference sites use a CODEC (compressor/decompressor), which is a computer or processor that compresses the television audio and video signals, allowing them to be transmitted via ISDN telephone lines or the Internet. Compression technology makes videoconferencing more affordable -- no special production studios, equipment or satellites are required. Compressed video can be combined with multiple media: Text and graphics can be transmitted with a document camera; LCD panels can be used with document cameras to send computer graphics; videotapes can be transmitted and viewed; and participants without access to a videoconference system can join in on a telephone handset or speakerphone. The CDV system scheduled by Instructional Communications Systems is available to any governmental, educational or non-profit agency or department. Costs vary from $7.80 to $42.00 per hour depending on bandwidth and location.
A number of Internet-based consumer videoconferencing systems are now available from a variety of vendors. While the quality can vary considerably depending on the type of Internet connection, the cost can be very inexpensive. CUseeMe Pro is one example of inexpensive ($39.99) video collaboration software that enables real-time interaction using IP-based networking technology. According to CUseeMe Networks, "CUseeMe Pro is fully standards-compliant via H.323, and features full-color video, audio, application sharing and whiteboard. Now CUseeMe users can connect to other video desktops including Microsoft NetMeeting, Intel Proshare Video System, Intel TeamStation, and PictureTel LiveLan. All you need is your CUseeMe Pro software, a camera, and a connection to the network via a modem or LAN and you're ready to go!" For large group videoconferencing, more sophisticated server software is usually necessary. Obviously, a server-based solution comes with a bigger price tag.
How would it benefit WLA?
Videoconferencing technology would allow members to conduct meeting from multiple
locations, reducing travel time and expenses. Conferences or other programs could
also be attended at multiple locations.
Concerns
Regardless of the kind of technology used, it is not clear how accessible that
technology would be to the membership.